不同生育时期低温胁迫对水稻保护酶的影响

通过吉林省内外优质水稻品种为材料，分别在苗期、分蘖期、减数分裂期、灌浆成熟期进行低 温胁迫处理，并进行其生理特性研究。结果表明，低温胁迫下水稻的CAT、POD、SOD 酶活性均有所 增高，其中部分品种的SOD 酶活性整体较强，在各个时期均有所增幅，而CAT 和POD 酶活性在不同 时期存在品种差异，且分蘖期大部分品种的三种保护酶均有明显提升。本试验材料中，不同时期低温 胁迫下，通系935、龙稻18、吉粳816、绥粳14、延粳22、通35 的整体酶活性在各个时期表现优异，优于 其余品种。     

Effects of maltogenic amylase from Lactobacillus plantarum on retrogradation of bread

Maltogenic amylase originated from Lactobacillus plantarum (LpMA) was studied to investigate its applicability as an antistaling enzyme. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results demonstrated that the bread treated with purified LpMA exhibited a retrogradation peak that was 65% that of the control bread. Then, for the purpose of practically using L. plantarum as an antistaling agent, the expression of LpMA in L. plantarum was enhanced by growth on a modified medium; the LpMA expression of L. plantarum grown on De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium supplemented with an additional 6% glucose was 54 times higher than that of L. plantarum grown on the original MRS medium. The side chain length distribution analysis showed that the cell extract of L. plantarum (CELP) tended to prefer to hydrolyzes the long side chains of amylopectin (>30). During storage for 9 days at 4 °C, the bread treated with CELP exhibited a 25% slower retrogradation rate and 63% lower hardness relative to the control bread, indicating that the CELP is a potential candidate for use as an antistaling agent.     

New angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from Coix prolamin and its influence on the gene expression of renin-angiotensin system in vein endothelial cells

Coix seed, which is a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat hypertension for thousands of years. It has been shown that Coix prolamin peptides display high levels of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Hence, we purified the ACE inhibitory peptides from Coix prolamin hydrolysates and evaluated the influence of the most potent peptide on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study, Coix prolamin peptides were sequentially separated by ultrafiltration, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and RP-HPLC, while the peptide structure was analyzed by mass spectrometry. Next, in silico proteolysis, pharmacophore and molecular docking were further applied to screen and optimize the structure of peptides. Finally, a novel ACE inhibitory peptide VDMF was obtained, in which its influence on the gene expression of RAS signaling pathway in AngⅡ-injury HUVECs was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. VDMF significantly down-regulated ACE, AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R) and ACE2 mRNA expression in comparation with model group, while up-regulating Mas gene expression. Hence, we obtained a novel antihypertensive candidate that was derived from the Coix peptides, which could involve a multi-modulation mechanism that regulates blood pressure.     

间作香露兜提高槟榔根系生长和土壤酶活性

采用盆栽试验的方法,对槟榔单作、香露兜单作和槟榔间作香露兜3种栽培模式下根系生长发育和土壤酶活性进行比较研究。结果表明：槟榔间作香露兜促进了槟榔干物质累积,且分配到根系的干物质相对增多,地下部干物质质量显著增加,对香露兜的影响不显著;间作后显著增加槟榔叶片SPAD值,对香露兜无显著影响;间作模式下槟榔总根长、根系总表面积、根数目显著增多,分别比单作增加了78.64%、50.96%、81.22%,而且间作对槟榔根系生长发育的促进作用大于香露兜;槟榔间作香露兜后,土壤酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性均显著高于槟榔单作,土壤脲酶与槟榔单作无显著差异,但显著低于香露兜单作;土壤过氧化物酶活性与根数目和根体积呈显著正相关。综上所述,槟榔与香露兜根系之间竞争较小,与槟榔单作相比,槟榔间作香露兜模式能够促进槟榔根系生长,提高土壤酶活性。     

秸秆还田与优化施氮改善烤烟根际土壤碳氮转化及氮素吸收

针对华南沙泥田烟区氮肥过量施用导致烟叶品质下降的问题,拟通过秸秆还田与氮肥优化配施调节烤烟各生育期氮吸收、根际土壤碳氮转化及相关酶的活性。试验采用随机区组设计,设水稻秸秆还田与氮肥两因素,其中3个碳（秸秆还田）水平：C0,无秸秆还田,0 kg/hm ²;C1,中量秸秆还田,4500 kg/hm ²;C2,全部秸秆还田,9000 kg/hm ²;2个氮水平：N1,传统施氮,169.50 kg/hm ²;N2,优化施氮,105.00 kg/hm ²。结果表明,与N1相比,N2处理秸秆还田下烤烟前期烟叶和根系氮吸收和累积正常,而后期有所下降;C1、C2处理时,与现蕾期相比,成熟期时根系氮含量均降低4.2 g/kg,叶片氮含量降低3.8、3.0 g/kg;成熟期时,与N1处理相比,N2处理时C1、C2处理的土壤无机氮含量降低30.4%、20.0%,前期2个氮处理间土壤无机氮含量无差异,优化施氮下中量秸秆还田（C1N2）处理烤烟土壤NH₄ ⁺-N含量在整个生育期内较高且呈降低趋势,而硝态氮和土壤无机氮含量在成熟期最低,表明中量秸秆还田下优化施氮能够维持生育前期土壤无机氮含量,且降低成熟期土壤无机氮含量。2个秸秆还田量处理时,团棵期N2处理的土壤转化酶活性是N1处理的1.30、1.13倍;旺长期土壤转化酶活性是N1处理的1.27、1.10倍;与传统施氮相比,秸秆还田下优化施氮处理增加了整个生育期土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性。在中量秸秆还田（C1）处理下,与N1水平相比,现蕾期和成熟期的N2处理土壤水溶性碳含量提高11.2%和14.1%;与N1相比,N2处理的土壤微生物量氮含量呈降低趋势。综上所述,优化施氮耦合中量秸秆还田（C1N2）能够提高土壤水溶性碳含量,维持土壤氮素合理供应,稳定烤烟生育前期对氮素吸收与累积,减少生育后期烟叶氮素奢侈吸收,与烤烟吸氮规律比较吻合。     

云南2种野生苜蓿资源对酸铝胁迫的响应分析

以云南2种野生苜蓿资源为材料,采用水培法研究酸铝胁迫对幼苗生长的影响。通过分析酸、铝单一及复合处理下幼苗根长、株高、生物量、根系活力、叶绿素和丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶和超氧化物岐化酶活性变化,比较2种苜蓿对酸、铝的耐性。结果显示：随着酸度的增加,天蓝苜蓿和紫花苜蓿幼苗的生长均受抑制,pH 7.0和pH 3.0处理对比分析,天蓝苜蓿在根长、株高、生物量、根系活力增幅比紫花苜蓿的增幅小;铝胁迫后,2种苜蓿在根长、株高、生物量、根系活力指标上均具有显著差异,且随着铝浓度的增大,受抑制越严重;酸、铝共同胁迫对2种苜蓿幼苗生长的影响大于单一胁迫对它的影响,pH 4.5,Al ³⁺浓度300 mg/L时,2种苜蓿生长受抑最严重。酸、铝单一胁迫及复合处理均显著影响2种苜蓿,但天蓝苜蓿对酸、铝及酸铝的耐性优于紫花苜蓿。     

Residual effects of soil Zn fertilization on soil characteristics,yield and quality of Platycodon grandiflorum

ABSTRACT

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is common worldwide and is a major limiting factor in the cultivation of Platycodon grandiflorum because most P. grandiflorum is cultivated on soils with slight or severe levels of Zn deficiency in China. To investigate the effects of soil Zn fertilization on P. grandiflorum and its residual effects on soil characteristics, a randomized complete block design was conducted at the experimental station of Shandong Agricultural University China in 2016–2018. In 2016, ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O was used as Zn fertilizer. The fertilizer levels of Zn fertilizer were designed as 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kg ha^?1 and were denoted as CK, Zn₄, Zn₆, Zn₈ and Zn₁₀. No Zn fertilizer was used in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that soil Zn fertilization increased the quantity of soil bacteria, and actinobacteria, Zn₈ and Zn₁₀ treatments increased the soil fungal quantity in 2017, whereas the effect was observed only in the Z₁₀ treatment in 2018. Soil Zn fertilization enhanced the activity of polyphenol oxidase, decreased that of phosphatase, and did not influence the invertase activity in both 2017 and 2018. Both the yield and the quality of P. grandiflorum in the succeeding three years increased due to the soil Zn fertilization in 2016. Overall, soil Zn application is a suitable approach to the cultivation of P. grandiflorum, and the residual effects of a one-time soil Zn fertilization could last at least two years.     

兰州百合连作土壤水浸液自毒作用研究

【目的】探讨兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor salisb)连作土壤水浸液对自身幼苗生长的障碍因素及其作用机制。【方法】设置蒸馏水(CK)及正茬、连作2年、连作4年兰州百合根际土壤水浸液各50,100,200,300 mg/mL,共13个处理,以兰州百合种球为受试对象,测定不同条件下兰州百合幼苗生长、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质及细胞膜透性的变化,并利用GC-MS技术分析各处理土壤中存在的主要自毒物质。【结果】正茬、连作2年及连作4年兰州百合根际土壤水浸液对兰州百合幼苗的生长均存在"低促高抑"现象,且抑制作用随连作年限的延长而增强。随水浸液质量浓度的增加,兰州百合幼苗CAT和SOD活性逐渐升高,POD活性先上升后下降,MDA含量、相对电导率、脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量的变化呈不断上升趋势,当水浸液质量浓度上升至300 mg/mL时,3个处理中各指标的上升或下降程度与对照相比均达显著差异水平(P0.05)。兰州百合正茬、连作2年及连作4年根际土壤中分别鉴定出9,15和17种化合物,主要包括2,3-丁二醇、1,2,3-三甲苯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、对苯二甲酸二辛酯、抗氧剂2246等化合物,其中大部分为自毒物质。【结论】兰州百合正茬、连作2年及连作4年根际土壤水浸液质量浓度达到300 mg/mL时,对其幼苗的生长会产生显著抑制作用。连作土壤中存在的自毒物质可以改变兰州百合植株体内的抗氧化酶活性,破坏细胞膜结构和功能,抑制兰州百合植株的生长,是导致兰州百合连作障碍发生的重要原因之一。     

NaCl胁迫对甜瓜生理指标及相关基因表达的影响

以薄皮甜瓜(IVF05、IVF89)和厚皮甜瓜(IVF117、IVF303)为试材,研究Na Cl(150 mmol·L~(-1))处理对4个甜瓜品种发芽、幼苗生长及相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,在Na Cl胁迫下,薄皮甜瓜IVF89的生长指标受到的抑制作用最大,其发芽率、发芽指数、胚根长度和胚轴长度分别下降23百分点、76.24%、46.71%和39.27%;厚皮甜瓜IVF303的生长指标受到的抑制作用最小,其发芽率下降不明显,发芽指数、胚根长度和胚轴长度分别下降46.52%、34.86%和23.08%;Na Cl胁迫提高了甜瓜幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,增加了游离脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白的含量;4个甜瓜品种幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和SPAD值均显著降低,IVF05、IVF89、IVF117和IVF303的Pn分别下降了64.44%、69.62%、61.23%、60.00%;4个甜瓜品种的卡尔文循环(Calvin)关键酶基因1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶基因(CmRubisco)、3-磷酸甘油酸激酶基因(CmPGK)和叶绿体型果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶基因(Cm FBPase)表达均显著下调,核酮糖-5-磷酸激酶基因(Cm PRK)表达大多上调;甜瓜耐盐相关基因质膜Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白基因(Cm SOS1)、液泡膜Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白基因(CmNHX1)、高亲和力K~+转运体基因(CmHKT1)和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖基转移酶基因(CmGnT)的表达均上调,其中IVF303的基因表达上调幅度最大。通过主成分分析、相关分析和聚类分析等综合分析方法,将4个甜瓜品种分为3类,IVF05和IVF89为盐敏感类型,IVF117为中耐盐类型,IVF303为强耐盐类型。     

不同丝瓜品种褐变相关基因的表达分析

以7种不同丝瓜品种为试验材料,对采后丝瓜果实进行褐变鉴定,测定多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及相关基因的表达量。结果表明:"苏丝3号""苏丝6号""苏丝7号"属于抗褐变品种;"苏丝4号""苏丝5号""苏丝10号"属于耐褐变品种;"苏丝8号"属于严重褐变。从褐变酶POD和PPO变化来看,"苏丝8号"POD活性高达456.7 U·mg-1,抗褐变品种"苏丝3号""苏丝6号""苏丝7号"POD活性均在250 U·mg-1。"苏丝8号"PPO活性为68.2 U·mg-1,"苏丝3号"PPO活性最小,低至25.2 U·mg-1。从褐变基因的变化来看,"苏丝8号"在LcPOD家族基因表达中均高于对照"苏丝3号",其中LcPOD3基因表达量高达5.23,是对照的5倍以上,其它的丝瓜品种LcPOD3基因变化不显著。褐变品种"苏丝8号"在LcPPO基因家族中上调显著,表明"苏丝8号"果实褐变时促进LcPPO基因家族的表达,从而转录翻译成PPO加快果实的褐变。与对照相比,丝瓜褐变基因LCWRKY在"苏丝8号"中上调显著,表明其参与了丝瓜果实采后褐变。其它丝瓜品种LCWRKY上调不显著。